Peer Reviewed Articles

1.   Psychometric Properties and Test Analysis  
2.   Normative Information for Adolescent, Middle-Age and Geriatric Populations
3.   Comparison with other Cognitive Assessment Tools
4.   Stroke
5.   Geriatrics
6.   Dementia
7.   Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
8.   Traumatic Brain Injury
9.   Psychiatry
10.   Substance Abuse
11.   Nursing Assessments
12.   Neurosurgery
13.   Epilepsy
14.   Parkinson's Disease
15.   Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
16.   Dialysis
17.   Driving Skills
18.   General
19.   Spanish Cognistat

 

1. Psychometric Properties and Test Analysis

• Doninger NA, Ehde D, Bode RK, Knight K, Bombardier CH, Heinemann AW. Measurement Properties of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (Cognistat) in Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation. Rehabilitation Psychology. 2006; 51(4): 281-288.

• Doninger NA, Bode RK, Heinemann AW, Ambrose C. Rating scale analysis of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitaiton. 2000;15(1):683-95.

• Engelhart C, Eisenstein N, Johnson V, Wolf J, Williamson J, Steitz D, Girard V, Paramarmaini K, Quzounian N, Losonczy M. Factor structure of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam (Cognistat) in healthy, and psychiatrically and neurologically impaired, elderly adults. The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 1999;13(1):109-11.

• Englehart C, Eisenstein N, Meininger J. Psychometric properties of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam. Clinical Neuropsychologist. 1994;8(4):405-415.

• Floyd M, Donahue CP, Holliday SL, Caron JE. Paraphasias in Cognistat: Pathognomic Sign or Ethnic-Linguistic Artifact? Clinical Gerontologist. 2004; 27(3): 67-77.

• Kiernan RJ, Mueller J, Langston JW, Van Dyke C. The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination: A brief but differentiated approach to cognitive assessment. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1987;107:481-485.

• Lezak MD, Howieson DB, Loring DW. Neuropsychological Assessment, 4th edition, Oxford University Press, 2004; 357, 694-695.

• Logue PE, Tupler LA, D'Amico C, Schmitt FA. The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination: psychometric properties in use with psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1993;49(1):80-9.

• Malloy PF, Cummings JL, Coffey CE, Duffy J, fink M, Lauterbach EC, Lovell M, Royall D, Salloway S. Cognitive Screening instruments in neuropsychiatry: a report of the Committee Research of the American Neuropsychiatric Association. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 1997;9(2):189-97.

• Marcotte TD. Validation of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam utilizing a diverse clinical cohort. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B Sciences and Engineering. 1995;55(11-B):5078.

• Marcotte TD, Van Gorp W, Hinkin CH, Osato S. Current validity of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam subtests. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 1997;19(3):386-395.

• Mitrushina M, Abara J, Blumenfeld A. Aspects of validity and reliability of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE) in assessment of psychiatric patients. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 1994;28(1):85-95.

• Oehlert ME, Hass SD, Freeman MR, Williams MD, Ryan JJ, Sumerall SW. The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination: accuracy of the "screen-metric" approach in a clinical sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1997;53(7):733-7.

• Roper B, Bieliauskas LA, Peterson MR, Validity of the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination in cognitive screening. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology. 1996;9(1):54-57.

• Woods DC, Patterson MB, Whitehouse PJ. Utility of the Judgment Questionnaire subtest of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination in the evaluation of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Clinical Gerontologist. 2000;21(4):49-66.

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2. Normative Information for Adolescent, Middle-Age and Geriatric Populations

• Drane DL, Yuseph RL, Huthwaite JS, Klingler LK, Foster LM, Mrazik M, Axelrod BN. Healthy older adult performance on a modified version of the Cognistat (NCSE): demographic issues and preliminary normative data. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology. 2003;25(1):133-44.

• Eisenstein N, Engelhart CI, Johnson V, Wolf J, Williamson J, Losonczy MB. Normative data for healthy elderly persons with the Neurobehavioral Cognitive status Exam (Cognistat). Applied Neuropsychology. 2002;9(2):110-3.

• Greve KW, Lindberg RF, Bianchini KJ, Adams D. Construct validity and predictive value of the Hooper Visual Organization Test in stroke rehabilitation. Applied Neuropsychology. 2000;7(4):215-22.

• Harris ME, Van Aelstyn C, Kern SJ. Performance of normal elderly on the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination, Poster Presentation at the National Academy of Neuropsychology Convention (Reno, NV-November, 1990).

• Keller-Cohen D, Fiori K, Toler A, Bybee D. Social relations, language and cognition in the 'oldest old.' Aging & Society. 2006; 26: 585-605.

• Kiernan RJ, Mueller J, Langston JW, Van Dyke C. The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination: A brief but differentiated approach to cognitive assessment. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1997;107:481-485.

• Macaulay C, Battista M, Lebby PC, Mueller J. Geriatric performance on the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (Cognistat). Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. 2003;18(5):463-71.

• Strickland TL, Longobardi PG, Alperson BL, Andre K. Mini-Mental State and Cognistat performance in an older African-American sample. The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 2005; 19: 87-98.

• Wallace JJ, Caroselli JS, Scheibel RS, High WM Jr. Predictive validity of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam (NCSE) in a post-acute rehabilitation setting. Brain Injury. 2000;14(1):63-9.

• Weuthrich J, Lebby P, Ammen S, and Canfield M, Ph.D. Dissertation: A normative and validational analysis of child and adolescent performance on the Cognistat. California School of Professional Psychology, Fresno, California. 1998* (See below).

* For questions, contact Paul C. Lebby, Ph.D. Valley Children's Hospital, 9300 Valley Children's Place, Madera, CA 93638. Tel: 559-353-5235, Fax: 559-353-8602.

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3. Comparison with other Cognitive Assessment Tools

• Greve KW, Lindberg RF, Bianchini KJ, Adams D. Construct validity and predictive value of the Hooper Visual Organization Test in stroke rehabilitation. Applied Neuropsychology. 2000;7(4):215-22.

• Lampley-Dallas VT. Neuropsychological screening tests in African Americans. Journal of the National Medical Association. 2001;93(9):323-8.

• Hazlewood MG, Souheaver GT, Cochran W, McClellan JL. Comparison of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination and the Mini-Mental Status Examination in cases of suspected Alzheimer's patients. Poster presentation at the 1990 National Academy of Neuropsychology Convention (Reno, NV-1990).

• Karzmark P. Operating characteristics of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam using neuropsychological assessment as the criterion. Assessment. 1997;4(1):1-8.

• Malloy PF, Cummings JL, Coffey CE, Duffy J, Fink M, Lauterbach EC, Lovell M, Royall D, Salloway S. Cognitive screening instruments in neuropsychiatry: a report of the Committee Research of the American Neuropsychiatric Association. Journal of Neuropsychiatry Clinical Neuroscience. 1997;9(2):189-97.

• Roper B, Bieliauskas LA, Peterson MR. Validity of the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination in cognitive screening. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology. 1996;9(1):54-57.

• Schwamm LH, Van Dyke C, Kiernan RJ, Merrin E, Mueller J. The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination: comparison with CCSE and MMSE in a neurological population. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1987;107:486-491.

• Strickland TL, Longobardi PG, Alperson BL, Andre K. Mini-Mental State and Cognistat performance in an older African-American sample. The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 2005; 19: 87-98.

• Souheaver GT, Cochran W, Hazlewood MG, McClellan JL. Relationship of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination to various Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological tests. Poster Presentation at the 1990 National Academy of Neuropsychology Convention. (Reno, NV-1990).

• Van Gorp WG, Marcotte TD, Sultzer D, Hinkin C, Mahler M, Cummings J. Screening for dementia: comparison of three commonly used instruments. Journal of Clinical Experimental Neuropsychology. 1999;21(1):29-39.

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4. Stroke

• Bea Munoz M, Medina Sanchez M. Perceptive and cognitive difficulties in persons with brain stroke: detection and compensation strategies.{Spanish} Rehabilitacion. 2000;34(6):468-82.

• Chan CC, Lee TM, Fong KN, Lee C, Wong V. Cognitive profile for Chinese patients with stroke. Brain Injury. 2002;16(10):873-84.

• Dente CL. Ph.D. Dissertation: Cognitive prediction of functional independence in stroke survivors in an urban population. Temple University, 2001;(80p.)

• Eskes GA, Butler B, McDonald A, Harrison ER, Phillips SJ. Limb Activation effects in hemispatial neglect. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2003;84(3):323-8.

• Fong, Kenneth NK, Chan, Chetwyn CH, Au, Derrick KS. Relationship of motor and cognitive abilities to functional performance in stroke rehabilitation. Brain Injury. 2001;15(5):443-454.

• Gillen R, Tennen H, McKee T. The impact of the inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) prospective payment system (PPS) on outcomes on stroke program outcomes. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 2007; 86(5): 356-363.

• Greve KW, Lindberg RF, Bianchini KJ, Adams D. Construct validity and predictive value of the Hooper Visual Organization Test in stroke rehabilitation. Applied Neuropsychology. 2000;7(4):215-22.

• Hinkle JL. A descriptive study of cognitive status in acute motor stroke. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. 2002;34(4):191-7.

• Hinkle JL, Ph.D. Dissertation: A descriptive study of variables explaining functional recovery following stroke. University of Pennsylvania, 1999;(89p.)

• Kizony R, Katz N. Relationships between cognitive abilities and the process scale and skills of the assessment of motor and process skills (AMPS) in Patients with Stroke. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health; 2002; 22(2): 82-92.

• Larson EB, Kirschner K, Bode RK, Heinemann AW, Clorfene J, Goodman R. Brief cognitive assessment and prediction of functional outcome in stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2003; 9(4): 10-21.

• Leung KL, Man DWK. Prediction of vocational outcome of people with brain injury after rehabilitation: A discriminant analysis. Work. 2005; 25: 333-340.

• Liu KPY, Chan CCH, Chan F. Would discussion on patients' needs add value to the rehabilitation process. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 2005; 28: 1-7.

• Man DWK, Tam SF, Hui-Chan C. Prediction of functional rehabilitation outcomes in clients with stroke. Brain Injury. 2006; 20(2): 205-211.

• Mysiw WJ, Beegan JG, Gatens PF. Prospective cognitive assessment of stroke patients before inpatient rehabilitation. The relationship of the Neurocognitive Status Examination to Functional Improvement. American Journal of the Physical Medicine Rehabilitation. 1999;68(4):168-171.

• Nokleby L, Boland E, Bergersen H, Schanke AK, Farner L, Wagle J, Wyller TB. Screening for cognitive deficits after stroke: a comparison of three screening tools. Clin Rehabil. 2008; 22(12): 1095-1104.

• Osmon DC, Smet JC, Winegarden B, Gandhavadi B. Nerobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination: its use with unilateral stroke patients in a rehabilitation setting. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1992;73(5):414-8.

• Stenset V, Grambaite R, Reinvand I, Hessen E, Cappelen T, Bjønerud A, Gjerstad, Flaby T. Diaschisis after thalamic stroke: a comparison of metabolic and structural changes in a patient with amnesic syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand. 2007; 115 (Suppl. 187): 68-71.

• Samėnienė J, Kriščiūnas A, Endzelytė E. The evaluation of the rehabilitation effects on cognitive dysfunction and changes in psychomotor reactions in stroke patients. Medicina (Kaunas). 2008; 44(11): 860-870.

• Toedter LJ, Schall RR, Reese CA, Hyland DT, Berk SN, Dunn DS. Psychological measures: Reliability in the assessment of stroke patients. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1995;76(8):719-25.

• Wendel K, Risberg J, Pessah-Rasmussen H, Ståhl A, Iwarsson S. Long-term cognitive functional limitations post stroke: objective assessment compared with self-evaluations and spouse reports. Int J Rehabil Res. 2008; 31(3): 231-239.

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5. Geriatrics

• Beck C, Heacock P, Mercer SO, Walls RC, Rapp CG Vogelpohl TS. Improving dressing behavior in cognitively impaired nursing home residents. Nursing Research. 1997;46(3):126-32.

• Clifford PA, Cipher DJ, Roper KD. Assessing resistance to activities of daily living in long - term care. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2003;4(6):313-9.

• Drane DL & Osato SS. Using the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination as a screening measure for older adults. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. 1997;12(2):139-143.

• Engelhart C, Eisenstein N, Johnson V, Wolf J, Williamson J, Steitz D, Girard V, Paramarmaini K, Quzounian N, Losonczy M. Factor structure of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam (Cognistat). Healthy, and psychiatrically and neurologically impaired, elderly adults. The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 1999;13(1):109-11.

• Epker MO, Lacritz LH, Munro Cullum C. Comparative analysis of qualitative verbal fluency performance in normal elderly and demented populations. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 1999; 21(4): 425-434.

• Fields SD, Fulop G, Sachs CJ, Strain J, Filliot H. Usefulness of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination in the hospitalized elderly. International Psychogeriatric Association. 1992;4(1):93-102.

• Fladly T, Schuster M, Gronli O, Sioholm H, Loseth S, Sexton H. Organic brain disease in psychogeriatric patients: impact of symptoms and screening methods on the diagnostic process. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology. 1990;12(1):16-20.

• Lewis SL, Miller LS. Executive control functioning and functional ability in older adults. The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 2007; 21: 274-285.

• Scmitt FA, Ranseen JD, DeKosky ST. Cognitive mental status examinations. New Developments in Neuropsychological Evaluation. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. 1989;5(3):545-564.

• Katz N, Hartman-Maeir A, Weiss P, Armon N. Comparison of cognitive status profiles of healthy elderly persons with dementia and neurosurgical patients using the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination. Neuro Rehabilitation. 1997;(9):179-186.

• Keller-Cohen D, Toler A, Miller D, Fiori K, Bybee D. Social Contact and Communicative Competence in the Oldest Old. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association, Honolulu, July 28, 2004.

• Mansdorf IJ, Harrington M, Lund J, Wohl N. Neuropsychological testing in skilled nursing facilities: the failure to confirm diagnoses of dementia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2008; 9(4): 271-274.

• Osato SS, Yang J, La Rue A. The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination in an older psychiatric population. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology. 1993;6(2):98-102.

• Ruchinskas RA, Singer HK, Repetz NK. Clock drawing, clock copying , and physical abilities in geriatric rehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 2001;82(7):920-4

• Ruchinskas RA, Singer HK, Repetz NK. Cognitive Status and ambulation in geriatric rehabilitation: walking without thinking? Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 2000;81(9):1224-8.

• Ruchinskas RA, Repetz NK, Singer HK. The use of Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination with geriatric rehabilitation patients. Rehabilitation Psychology. 2001;46(3):219-28.

• Ruchinskas RA, Curyto KJ. Cognitive screening in geriatric rehabilitation. Rehabilitation Psychology. 2003;48(1):14-22.

• Salisbury SA. Cognitive Assessment of the older client. Gerontologic Nursing Practice. 1990;(Chapter 10).

• Stenset V, Hofoss D, Elnaes Berstad A, Negaard A, Gjerstad L, Fladby T. White matter lesion subtypes and cognitive deficits in patients with memory impairment. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 2008; 26: 424-431.

• Strickland TL, Longobardi PG, Alperson BL, Andre K. Mini-Mental State and Cognistat performance in an older African-American sample. The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 2005; 19: 87-98.

• Van Gorp WG, Marcotte TD, Sultzer D, Hinkin C, Mahler M, Cummings J. Screening dementia: comparison of three commonly used instruments. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 1999;21(1):29-38.

• Wiederman MW, Morgan CD. Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE) with geriatric inpatients. Clinical Gerontologists. 1995;15(4):35-47.

• Yazdanfar DJ. Assessing the mental status of the cognitively impaired elderly. Journal of Gerontological Nursing. 1990;16(9):32-36.

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6. Dementia

• Battista M, O'Toole S, Gaudenti S, Tolchin N, Delarm J, Barlow A. Predicting dementia of the Alzheimer type using Cognistat. Federal Practitioner. September 2006: 12, 17-19.

• Beck C, Heacock P, Mercer SO, Walls RC, Rapp CG, Vogelpohl TS. Improving dressing behavior in cognitively impaired nursing home residents. Nursing Research. 1997; 46(3):126-32.

• Begnoche NB. Effectiveness of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination in assessing Alzheimer's disease. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B Sciences and Engineering. 1997;57(11-B):7243.

• Bragen V, Chemodanova M, Dzhafarova N, Bragin I, Czerniawski, JL, Aliev, G. Integrated treatment approach improves cognitive function in demented and clinically depressed patients. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias; 2005; 20(1): 21-26.

• Cherrier MM, Mendez MF, Perryman KM, Pachana NA, Miller BL, Cummings JL. Frontotemporal dementia versus vascular dementia: differential features on mental status examination. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 1997;45(5):579-83.

• Derrer DS, Howieson DB, Mueller EA, Camicioli RM, Sexton G, Kaye JA. Memory testing in dementia: how much is enough? Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry & Neurology. 2001;14(1):1-6.

• Hazlewood MG, Souheaver GT, Cochran W, McClellan JL. Comparison of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination and the Mini-Mental Status Examination in cases of suspected Alzheimer's patients. Poster Presentation at the 1990 National Academy of Neuropsychology convention (Reno, NV-1990).

• McHale RW. Ph.D. Dissertation: The relationship between linguistic communication skills and physically aggressive behavior in nursing home residents with possible dementia of the Alzheimer's type. University of Maryland, Baltimore, 1998;(153p.)

• Mansdorf IJ, Harrington M, Lund J, Wohl N. Neuropsychological testing in skilled nursing facilities: the failure to confirm diagnoses of dementia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2008; 9(4): 271-274.

• Margolin DI, Pate DS, Cox KS. (Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, UCSF-Fresno Medical Education Program, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Fresno). The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination in probably Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. Poster Presented at the Meeting of the American Neurological Association (Seattle, WA October 1991.)

• Mueller J. A new test for dementia syndromes. Diagnosis. 1988;10(7):33-40.

• Salmon DP, Lange KL. Cognitive Screening and Neuropsychological assessment in early Alzheimer's disease. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. 2001;17(2):229-54.

• Silbert LC, Quinn JF, Moore MM, Corbridge E, Ball J, Murdoch G, Sexton G, Kaye JA. Changes in premorbid brain volume predict Alzheimer's disease pathology. Neurology. 2003;61(4):487-92.

• Starratt C, Fields RB, Fishman E. Differential utility of the NCSE and MMSE with neuropshychiatric patients. The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 1992;6:331.

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7. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation

• Bea Munoz M, Medina Sanchez M. Perceptive and cognitive difficulties in persons with brain stroke: detection and compensation strategies.{Spanish} Rehabilitacion. 2000;34(6):468-82.

• Chan CC, Lee TM, Fong KN, Lee C, Wong V. Cognitive profile for Chinese patients with stroke. Brain Injury. 2002;16(10):873-84.

• Dente CL. Ph.D. Dissertation: Cognitive prediction of functional independence in stroke survivors in an urban population. Temple University, 2001;(80p.)

• Eskes GA, Butler B, McDonald A, Harrison ER, Phillips SJ. Limb activation effects in hemispatial neglect. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2003;84(3):323-8.

• Gillen R, Tennen H, McKee T. The impact of the inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) prospective payment system (PPS) on outcomes on stroke program outcomes. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 2007; 86(5): 356-363.

• Greve KW, Lindberg RF, Bianchini KJ, Adams D. Construct validity and predictive value of the Hooper Visual Organization Test in stroke rehabilitation. Applied Neuropsychology. 2000;7(4):215-22.

• Hinkle JL. A descriptive study of cognitive status in acute motor stroke. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. 2002;34(4):191-7.

• Hinkle JL, Ph.D. Dissertation: A descriptive study of variables explaining functional recovery following stroke. University of Pennsylvania, 1999;(89p.)

• Kizony R, Katz N. Relationships between cognitive abilities and the process scale and skills of the assessment of motor and process skills (AMPS) in patients with stroke. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health; 2002; 22(2): 82-92.

• Larson EB, Kirschner K, Bode RK, Heinemann AW, Clorfene J, Goodman R. Brief cognitive assessment and prediction of functional outcome in stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2003; 9(4): 10-21.

• Liu KPY, Chan CCH, Chan F. Would discussion on patients' needs add value to the rehabilitation process. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 2005; 28: 1-7.

• Matsuda O, Saito M. Functional competency and cognitive ability in mild Alzheimer's Disease: Relationship between ADL assessed by a relative/carer-rated scale and neuropsychological performance. International Psychogeriatrics. 2005; 17(2): 275-288.

• Mysiw WJ, Beegan JG, Gatens PF. Prospective cognitive assessment of stroke patients before inpatient rehabilitation. The relationship of the Neurocognitive Status Examination to functional improvement. American Journal of the Physical Medicine Rehabilitation. 1999;68(4):168-171.

• Osmon DC, Smet JC, Winegarden B, Gandhavadi B. Nerobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination: its use with unilateral stroke patients in a rehabilitation setting. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1992;73(5):414-8.

• Toedter LJ, Schall RR, Reese CA, Hyland DT, Berk SN, Dunn DS. Psychological measures: Reliability in the assessment of stroke patients. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1995;76(8):719-25.

• Wallace JJ, Caroselli JS, Scheibel RS, High WM Jr. Predictive validity of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam (NCSE) in a post-acute rehabilitation setting. Brain Injury. 2000;14(1):63-9.

• Wendel K, Risberg J, Pessah-Rasmussen H, Ståhl A, Iwarsson S. Long-term cognitive functional limitations post stroke: objective assessment compared with self-evaluations and spouse reports. Int J Rehabil Res. 2008; 31(3): 231-239.

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8. Traumatic Brain Injury

• Blostein PA, Jones SI, Buechler CM, Vandongen S. Cognitive screening in mild traumatic brain injuries: analysis of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination when utilized during initial trauma hospitalization. Journal of Neurotrauma. 1997;14(3):171-7.

• Cicerone KD, Dahlberg C, Malec JF, Langenbahn DM, Felicetti T, Kneipp S, Ellmo W, Kalmar K, Giacino JT, Harley P, Laatsch L, Morse PA, Catanese J. Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: updated review of the literature from 1998 through 2002. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005; 86: 1681-1692.

• Doninger NA, Ehde D, Bode RK, Knight K, Bombardier CH, Heinemann AW. Measurement properties of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (Cognistat) in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Rehabilitation Psychology. 2006; 51(4): 281-288.

• Doninger NA, Heinemann AW, Bode RK, Sokol K, Corrigan JD, Moore D. Predicting community integration following traumatic brain injury with health and cognitive status measures. Rehabilitation Psychology. 2003;45(2):67-76.

• Dou ZL, Man DWK, Ou HN, Zheng JL, Tam S. Computerized errorless learning-based memory rehabilitation for Chinese patients with brain injury: A preliminary quasi-experimental clinical design study. Brain Injury. 2006; 20(3): 219-225.

• Erikson A, Karlsson G, Soderstrom M, Tham K. A training apartment with electronic aids to daily living: lived experiences of persons with brain damage. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2004;58(3):261-71.

• Knab B. Effektivität und Anwendbarkeit neuropsychologischer rehabilitationsverfahren. Rehabilitation. 2000; 39: 134-155.

• Nabors NA, Millis SR, Rosenthal M. Use of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (Cognistat) in traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 1997:12(3):79-84.

• Nicks R. The Cognistat is a sensitive measure for screening and identifying people with cognitive impairment following ABI in acute hospital settings. 2007: http://www.otcats.com/topics.

• Schlund MW, Pace GM. The experimental analysis of human operant behavior following traumatic brain injury. Behavioral Interventions. 2000; 15: 155-168.

• Tam S Man W, Hui-Chan CWY, Lau A, Yip B, Cheung W. Evaluating the efficacy of tele-cognitive rehabilitation for functional performance in three case studies. Occupational Therapy International. 2003;10(1):20-38.

• Wallace JJ, Caroselli JS, Scheibel RS, High WM Jr. Predictive validity of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam (NCSE) in a post-acute rehabilitation setting. Brain Injury. 2000;14(1):63-9.

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9. Psychiatry

• Bragen V, Chemodanova M, Dzhafarova N, Bragin I, Czerniawski, JL, Aliev, G. Integrated treatment approach improves cognitive function in demented and clinically depressed patients. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias; 2005; 20(1): 21-26.

• Chandler JD, Garndt J. Cognitive screening tests for organic mental disorders in psychiatric inpatients, hopeless task? Journal of Nervous Mental Disorders. 1988;176(11):675-8.

• Dush DM, Ayers SY, Curtis C, Worthington GJ, Gabriel RM, Chinnery T. Reducing psychiatric hospital use of the rural poor through intensive transitional acute care. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal. 2001;25(1):28-34.

• Engelhart C, Eisenstein N, Johnson V, Wolf J, Williamson J, Steitz D, Girard V, Paramarmaini K, Quzounian N, Losonczy M. Factor structure of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam (Cognistat) in healthy, and psychiatrically and neurologically impaired, elderly adults. The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 1999;13(1):109-11.

• Fladby T, Schuster M, Gronli O, Sioholm H, Loeth S, Sexton H. Organic brain disease in psychogeriatric patients: impact of symptoms and screening methods on the diagnostic process. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology. 1999;12(1):16-20.

• Kant R, Coffey CE, Bogyi AM. Safety and efficacy of ECT in patients with head injury: a case series. Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences. 1999;11(1):32-7.

• Katz N, Tadmor I, Felzen B, Hartman-Maeir A. The behavioral assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome (BADS) in schizophrenia an it relation to functional outcomes. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. 2007; 17(2): 192-205.

• Lammare CJ, Patten SB. A clinical evaluation of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination in a general psychiatric inpatient population. Journal of Psychiatry Neuroscience. 1994;19(2):103-8.

• Logue PE, Tupler LA, D'Amico C, Schmitt FA. The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination psychometric properties in use with psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1993;49(1):80-9.

• Man DWK. Cognitive functions among Hong Kong Chinese people with schizophrenia. Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 2006; 29: 261-265.

• Mitrushina M, Abara J, Blumenfeld A. Aspects of validity and reliability of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE) in assessment of psychiatric patients. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 1994;28(1):85-95.

• Mitrushina M, Abara J, Blumenfeld A. The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination as a screening tool for organicity in psychiatric patients. Hospital and Community Psychiatry. 1994;45(3):252-6.

• Mitrushina M, Abara J, Blumenfeld A. A cognitive screening of psychiatric patients. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 1995;20(1):13-22.

• Mitrushina M, Abara J, Blumenfeld A. A comparison of cognitive profile in schizophrenia and the psychiatric disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1996;52(2):177-90.

• Niekawa N, Sakuraba Y, Uto H, Kumazawa Y, Matsuda O. Relationship between financial competence and cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2007; 61(5): 455-461.

• Osato SS, Yang J, La Rue A. The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination in an older psychiatric population. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology. 1993;6(2):98-102.

• Savage RM, Jackson WT, Sourathathone CM. A brief neuropsychological testing battery for evaluating patients with schizophrenia. Community Mental Health Journal. 2003; 39(3): 253.

• Van Dyke C, Mueller J, Kiernan RJ. The case for psychiatrists as authorities on cognition. Psychosomatics. 1987;28(2):87-89.

• Yau EFY, Chan CCH, Chan ASF, Chui BKT. Changes in psychosocial and work-related characteristics among Clubhouse members: a preliminary report. Work. 2005; 25: 287-296.

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10. Substance Abuse

• Alessi H, Ballard M, Kirk A, Montalbano N. Cognitive impairment and substance abuse: implication for treatment planning. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education. 2006; 50(4): 55-66.

• Fals-Stewart W. Detection of neuropsychological impairment among substance-abusing patients: accuracy of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination. Journal of Experimental Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1997;5(3):269-76.

• Maier PL. The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination with alcohol dependent inpatients. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B Sciences and Engineering. 1996;57(2-B):1448.

• Meek PS, Clark IIW, Solana V. Neurocognitive Impairment: The unrecognized component of dual diagnosis in substance abuse treatment. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 1989;21(2):153-160.

• Schrimsher GW, O'Bryant SE, Parker JD, Burke RS. The relation between ethnicity and Cognistat performance in males seeking substance use disorder treatment. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 2005; 27: 873-885.

• Schrimsher GW, Parker JD, Burke RS. Relation between cognitive testing performance and pattern of substance use in males at treatment entry. The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 2007; 21: 498-510.

• Zinn S, Bosworth HB, Edwards CL, Logue PE, Swartzwelder HS. Performance of recently detoxified patients with alcoholism on a neuropsychological screening test. Addictive Behaviors. 2003;28(5):837-49.

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11. Nursing Assessments

• Beck C, Heacock P, Mercer SO, Walls RC, Rapp CG, Vogelpohl TS. Improving dressing behavior in cognitively impaired nursing home residents. Nursing Research. 1997; 46(3):126-32.

• Cammermeyer M, Evans JE. A brief neurobehavioral exam useful for early detection of post-operative complications in neurosurgical patients. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. 1998;20(5):314-323.

• Cammermeyer M. Assessment of cognition. P/L/ Mitchell et al., editors, Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, CT. AANN's Neuroscience Nursing. 1988;(Chapter 112):155-169.

• Cammermeyer M, Pendergasst V. Profiles of cognitive functioning in subjects with neurological disorders. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. 1997;29(3):163-9

• Hinkle JL. A descriptive study of cognitive status in acute motor stroke. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. 2002;34(4):191-7.

• McHale RW. Ph.D. Dissertation: The relationship between linguistic communication skills and physically aggressive behavior in nursing home residents with possible dementia of the Alzheimer's type. University of Maryland, Baltimore, 1998;(153p.)

• Salisbury SA. Cognitive assessment of the older client. Gerontologic Nursing Practice. 1990;(Chapter 10).

• Souder E, O'Sullivan PS. Nursing documentation versus standardized assessment of cognitive status in hospitalized medical patients. Applied Nursing Research. 2000;13(1):29-36.

• Yazdanfar DJ. Assessing the mental status of the cognitively impaired elderly. Journal of Gerontological Nursing. 1990;16(9):32-36.

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12. Neurosurgery

• Agner C, Dujovny M, Gaviria M. Neurocognitive assessment before and after cranioplasty. Acta Neurochirurgica. 2002;144(10):1033-40.

• Cammermeyer M, Evans JE. A brief neurobehavioral exam useful for early detection of post-operative complications in neurosurgical patients. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. 1998;20(5):314-323.

• Cammermeyer M. Assessment of cognition. P/L/ Mitchell et al., editors, Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, CT. AANN's Neuroscience Nursing. 1988;(Chapter 112):155-169.

• Cammermeyer M, Pendergasst V. Profiles of cognitive functioning in subjects with neurological disorders. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. 1997;29(3):163-9

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13. Epilepsy

• Dodrill CB. Do patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures produce trustworthy findings on neuropsychological tests? Epilepsia. 2007; 49(4): 691-695.

• Khosropour CM, Dowling NM, Wharton W, Edwards DF, Carlsson CM, Asthana C, Asthana S, Gleason CE. P2-115: Influence of vascular risk factors on cognitive performance in community-dwelling African Americans. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2008; 4(4), T405.

• Stenset V, Hofoss D, Johnsen L, Skinningsrud A, Berstad AE, Negaard A, Reinvang, I, Gjerstad L, Fladby T. White matter lesion severity is associated with reduced cognitive performances in patients with normal CSF Abeta42 levels. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008; 118(6): 373-378.

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14. Parkinson's Disease

• Margolin DI, Pate DS, Cox KS. The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination in probably Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's Disease. Poster Presented at the Meeting of the American Neurological Association (Seattle, WA October, 1991.)

• Protas EJ, Mitchell K, Willaims A, Quereshy H, Caroline H, Caroline K, Lau EC. Gait and step training to reduce falls in Parkinson's disease. NeuroRehabilitation. 2005; 20: 183-190.

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15. Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

• Askar FZ, Cetin HY, Kumral E, Cetin O, Acarer A, Kosoba B, Yagdi T. Apolipoprotien E e4 allele and neurobehavioral status after on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. J Card Surg. 2005; 20: 501-505.

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16. Dialysis

• Evans JD, Wagner CD, Welch JL. Cognitive status in hemodialysis as a function of fluid adherence. Renal Failure. 2004; 26(5): 575-581.

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17. Driving Skills

• Unsworth, CA, Lovell RK, Terrington NS, Thomas SA. Review of tests contributing to the occupational therapy off-road driver assessment. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. 2005; 52: 57-74.

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18. General

• Dey J, Misra A, Desai NG, Mahapatra AK, Padma MV. Cognitive function in younger type II diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1997;20(1):32-5.

• Flaherty-Craig C, Eslinger P, Stephens B, Simmons Z. A rapid screening battery to identify frontal dysfunction in patients with ALS. Neurology. 2006; 67: 2070-2072.

• Kiernan RJ. Cognitive status testing: present status and future direction, Neurology and Psychiatry: A Meeting of Minds. J Mueller, C Yingling, L Zegans, editors, 1989:(248-265).

• Litman, L. A case of Clérambault Syndrome in a male stalker with paranoid schizophrenia. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry / La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie. 2004 ; 49(7): 498.

• Maor Y, Olmer L, Mozes B. The relation between objective and subjective impairments in cognitive function among multiple sclerosis patients - the role of depression. Multiple Sclerosis. 2001;7(2):131-5.

• Solliday-McRoy C, Campbell TC, Melchert TP, Young TJ, Cisler RA. Neuropsychological functioning of homeless men. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2004; 192(7): 471-478.

• Stenset V, Hofoss D, Berstad AE, Negaard A, Gjerstad L, Fladby T. White matter lesion subtypes and cognitive deficits in patients with memory impairment. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2008; 26(5): 424-431.

• Wagner MT, Nayak M & Fink C. Bedside screening of neurocognitive function. Psychological Assessment in Medical Rehabilitation. Measurements and Instrumentation in Psychology. 1995:145-198. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

• Whiteside DM, Padula MA, Jeffrey LK, & Zetterman R. Cognitive screening with the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination in a chronic liver disease population. Clinical Neuropsychologist. 1996;10(4):459-463.

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19. Spanish Cognistat

• Bea-Muñoz, M, Medina-Sanchez, M. Perceptive and cognitive difficulties in persons with brain stroke: detection and compensation strategies. {Spanish ). Rehabilitacion. 2000; 34(6):468-82.

• Drane DL, Yuspeh RL, Huthwaite JS, Klingler LK, Foster LM, Mrazik M., Axelrod BN. Healthy Older Adult Performance On A Modified Version Of The Cognistat (NCSE): Demographic issues and preliminary normative data. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2003 Feb; 25(1):133-44.

• Gutiérrez L, Juárez S, Cantú C, Hernández H., Cardiel M. Alteraciones cognoscitivas y factores asociados en un grupo de pacientes con diagnóstico de lupus eritematoso generalizado. Rev Mex Neuroci. 2003; 4(6).

• López, E, Salazar, X, Peña, R, And Mitrushina, M. Datos normativos en población hispano parlante en los estados unidos con educación limitada. Presented at the Neuropsicología-Congreso Latinoamericano Por Sociedad Latinoamericana De Neuropsicología on October 2003, at Montreal, Quebec.

• Pino O, Guilera G, Gómez J, J. Rojo E, Vallejo J, Purdon S.E. Escala breve para evaluar el deterioro cognitivo en pacientes psiquiátricos. Psicothema 2006; 18(3); 447-452.

• Rivera-Mindt M, Mariana M, Marcotte TD, Moore DJ, Bentley H, Esquivel M M, Lopez Y, Grant I, Heaton RK, The HNRC Group. The functional impact of HIV-associated neuropsychological impairment in Spanish-speaking adults: A Pilot Study. Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 2003; 25(1); 122-132.

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